Isle de Jean Charles has lost 98% of its land mass, exposing residents to increasingly intense storms and flooding. The tribal community has sought a collective relocation, that will allow them to retain cultural ties and landscape-based practices. The Isle de Jean Charles Biloxi-Chitimacha Choctaw Tribe, in collaboration with partners including the Lowlander Center and Evans + Lighter, have been working towards relocation for two decades. However, the process has been fraught because of a lack of federal tribal recognition and poor institutional support for collective relocation in the US.
Collaborative Team
Isle de Jean Charles Biloxi-Chitimacha Choctaw Tribe • The tribe is one of 10 state-recognized Indian tribes in Louisiana. The governing body of the Tribe consists of a traditional chief, two deputy chiefs, four council people, a tribal secretary, a council of elders, and tribal advisors.
Lowlander Center • The center supports lowland communities and places, both inland and coastal, for the benefit of both people and environment.
Massachusetts Institute of Technology Resilient Communities Lab • The MIT RCL is led by Associate Professor Janelle Knox-Hayes and focuses on understanding the systems dynamics shaping the environmental, social and economic impacts of coastal communities, mapping social values of communities in transition, and planning and designing resilient solutions.
Isle de Jean Charles was settled by tribal members as they fled persecution during the 1830s Indian Removal Act. The island is currently home to 33 households, including members from the Isle de Jean Charles Biloxi-Chitimacha-Choctaw Tribe of Louisiana (IDJC-BCC). Traditionally, many of the island’s residents made their livelihood from the surrounding waters and marshes. The Tribal community, which has been dispersed from previous storms, has been working since the early 2000s engaging in a deliberate and planned resettlement process to reunite their Tribe from the lower bayou region to higher ground.
Isle de Jean Charles is a small, low-lying island sited at the marshy tip of Louisiana’s Mississippi delta. It is a site of great ecological diversity. The geographic setting of Isle de Jean Charles, Louisiana has lost all but 2% of its land since the 1950s and is now a strip that measures a mere 110 acres since the completion of a ring levee. As canals carved for oil and gas production increase saltwater intrusion into freshwater marshland this layer of natural protection against storms is increasingly disappearing, and Coastal Louisiana has lost more coastal wetlands than all other states (USGS, 2017). The Island Road, which was built in 1953 to connect the island to the mainland, suffers frequent inundation.
Isle de Jean Charles is plagued by a host of environmental problems including sea level rise, coastal erosion and salt-water intrusion, caused by canals dredged through the surrounding marshland by oil and gas companies, and land subsidence due to a lack of soil renewal due to levees that separated tribal land from the river. The loss of a buffering marsh has made frequent hurricanes even more intense. The exclusion of the tribe from the Morganza to the Gulf Levee in 2001 has exacerbated marsh loss and storm exposure, presenting a crisis of social equity and environmental justice.
In 2018 the Resilient Communities Lab invited members of the Isle de Jean Charles Biloxi-Chitimacha-Choctaw Tribe of Louisiana and members of a sister community from Newtok Alaska to visit MIT for a workshop on coastal resilience and building Indigenous, university partnerships. The participants spoke to the importance of consultation, sovereignty and the protection of values in the creation of relocation plans. Together the groups involved have been charting new partnerships and opportunities to work together and to seek to weave Traditional Ecological Knowledges and Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics disciplines together for better coastal assessment and management.
This project is a unique collaborative partnership between the Isle de Jean Charles Biloxi-Chitimacha Choctaw Tribe, Lowlander Center, and the Massachusetts Institute of Technology Resilient Communities Lab.
Isle de Jean Charles Biloxi-Chitimacha Choctaw Tribe
Traditional Chief • Albert Naquin
Tribal Executive Secretary • Chantel Comardelle
Lowlander Center
Co-Founder • Dr. Shirley Laska
Co-Founder • Kristina Peterson
Massachusetts Institute of Technology
Lister Brothers Associate Professor of Economic Geography and Planning in the MIT Department of Urban Studies and Planning • Janelle Knox-Hayes
Assistant professor in Science, Technology, and Environmental Policy at the University of Minnesota Hubert H. Humphrey School of Public Affairs • Elise Harrington
PhD Student, MIT Department of Urban Studies and Planning; Research Fellow, MIT Leventhal Center for Advanced Urbanism • Elizabeth Yarina
PhD Candidate, MIT Department of Urban Studies and Planning • Shekhar Chandra
Masters of City Planning Student, MIT Department of Urban Studies and Planning • Osamu Moses Kumasaka